Surveyor&#39;s rod.



' No. 717,193. Patentcd Dec. 3.0, I902. G. 'G. HEGHINIAN.

SURVEYORS BOD.

(Applicationflled June 17, 1902.)

2 Sheeta-$heet I,

(No Model.)

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v Patent edDac. 30, m2. 6. a. HEGHINIAN.

SURVEYURS ROD.

(Application filed June 17. 1902.]

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

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UNrirD STATES PATENT O-nnrcn.

GARABED GEO. HEGHINIAN, OF WEST HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY.

SURVEYORS ROD.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Iatent No. 717,193, dated December30, 1902.

Application filed June 17,1902. Serial No. 112,024. [No model.) I

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GARABED GEORGE HEGHINIAN, a citizen ofthe UnitedStates, residing at West I-Ioboken, in the county of Hudson and State ofNew Jersey, have i11- Vented certain new and useful Improvements inSurveyors Rods, of which the followingis a specification.

This invention relates to improvements'in surveyors rods; and the objectof myinven tion is to provide a new and improved surveying-rod which isespecially adapted for use in grading, contour-work, slope-stakesetting, cross-section work, and the like on the field and greatlyfacilitates such work.

In the accompanying drawings, in which like letters of referenceindicate like parts in all the views, Figure l is an isometricperspective view of my improved surveyors rod, parts being broken away.Fig. 2 is a Vertical longitudinal sectional view of the same, partsbeing broken away. Fig. 3 is a transverse horizontal sectional view.Fig. 4 is a face view of one side of the tape or band, parts beingbroken away. Fig. 5 is a face View of the other side of the tape, partsbeing broken away. Fig. 6 is a face view of the tape, showing the mannerof shortening the same, parts being broken away. Fig. 7 is adiagrammatic view showing how my improved surveyors rod is used forgrading and contour-work on the field. Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic viewshowing how my improved rod is used on the field for establishing theslopestakes of a fill. Fig. 9 is asimilar view showing the establishingof the slope-stakes of a cut. Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view showing howmy improved rod is used on the field in cross-sectioning earthwork for acut. Fig. 11 is a similar view showing the same for a fill.

The surveyors rod A is telescopic and in general is of the conventionalconstruction. It is composed of two L-shaped pieces mounted to slide oneach other and is provided with suitable guides A and means for clampingthe L-shaped pieces after adjustment, and it is provided on its frontand back with graduated scales of feet and fractions thereof. It isprovided with a target A, carrying a small level A and a Vernier A Thishollow and telescopic rod can be lengthened,more or less, in theconventional manner. In the base B of the bottom section B a roller orpulley 13 is mounted, and a like roller or pulley B is mounted in theupper end of this bottom section. A roller or pulley C is mounted in thelower end of the upper section 0 and a larger pulley C is mounted in ithe upper end of the upper section 0, said pulley 0 being mounted in ayoke 0 adapted to slide up and down in the upper end-of said uppersection 0, and which yoke can be adjusted by means of a nut 0 screwed ona threaded stem 0 projecting from said yoke beyond the upper end of theupper section C. An endless band or tape D is passed around the severalpulleys B B O (J in the manner shown in Fig. 2, the ends of said bandbeing provided with eyes d, resembling the eyes on a door-hinge, so thatone set can pass into the other and a pin passed through them for thepurpose of uniting the ends of the tape, and thus making it endless. Thetape can easily be removed from the rod or reapplied on the same, asnecessitymay require. On one face this tapeis provided with agraduatedscale of feet and fractions thereof, the graduations beginning at twopoints E and F,

at each of which points zero is located, and

said graduated scale of feet and fractions thereof extends from the saidtwo zeros in opposite directions. Between the two zeros at E and F,which are separated a distance of thirteen feet, representing one-halfof the largest normal railroad-bed, the graduations are numberedsuccessively from one zero to the other. On the opposite face of thetape or band D the two zeros are provided coincident with thosementioned previously; but the subdivisions are not equal to one foot,but to one and a half feet, and these subdivisions are markedsuccessively '1 1, 2, 3, 4, &c., the numbers extending from the twozerosin opposite directions and the space between the zeros beingsubdividedin like mannor and numbered successively 1, 2, 3,

One side of the rod A is providedwith a reduce the distance between thetwo zeros at E and F, and for this purpose the tape or band is loopedU-shaped, as shown at G in Fig. 6, and slipped through a flattened ringH, and a spring-key J is passed through two holes I) in the tape or bandD in the space between the two zeros of each graduation. After the tapeor band has been passed around the pulleys, with the foot-scale sidevisible and its ends united in the manner described, it is drawn taut bythe drawing up of the pulley O by means of the nut 0 The band or tapecan be shifted on the rollers so as to show any desired number on thetape at the side of the rod.

The rod is used in the following manner: For grading an instrument orlevel K, Fig. 7, is'set, the tape is moved up and down until the zero atE would appear in the line of sight of the instrument if the rod washeld vertically in a place where no out or fill is required, and thenthe numerals below the zero at E indicate the necessary cut and thoseabove indicate the necessary fill. If the grade is fortyfive feet andthe elevation at the point L, which is a bench-mark, is 43.8 feet, theline of sight will be at 1.2 above the zero at E, which indicates that afill of 1.2 feet must be made. At M the line of sight of the instrumentwill meet the tape on the rod at 2 below the zero at E,'which indicatesthat a cut of two feet is required. At N the line of sight will meet thetape on the rod at 2.6 feet above the zero at E, and this indicates thata fill of 2.6 feet is necessary. In the same manner the appliance can beused for further grading.

If the difference between the grade and the bench-mark is greater thanthe length of the rod when extended to its extreme, then the differenceis assumed to be ten or twenty feet less than it actually is, and therod is set for this difference after the above deduction has been made,and afterward this sum of ten or twenty feet is added or subtracted fromthe rod-readings. In a similar manner the rod y can also be used forcontour-work.

Fig. 8 also shows the use of the rod for establishing slope-stakes offills on the field without the use of a level instrument. It is assumedthat the base of the fill is fourteen feet and the slope as one andone-half to one and that the fill at the center is three feet. Theobject to be obtained is tofind the points 0 and P on the ground. Theoperator first detaches the tape from the rod and then conmeets the zeroat F with that number on the tape on the foot-scale side between the twozeros E and F,representiugone-ha1f of the base of the bedin this caseseven feet,as the bed is fourteen feet-and it is intended to make thedistance between E and F equal to one-half the base of the bed. Fig. 6shows clearly how the band is looped to decrease the effective distancebetween the zeros to seven feet. The tape D of my improved surveyors rodis then placed on the ground, so that the numeral 3 above F on that sideof the tape having one and half foot graduations is at the center stakeof the fillthat is, at the point Q, Fig. 8, and one man holds the tapein this position. Another man takes the rod in one hand, holding itvertically by aid of the level on the target and also vertically to thetape, which is held horizontally with the other hand, and this man movesthe vertical rod toward and from the point Q until the numbers on thetape below E on the side having the one andone-half foot graduations andon the vertical rod agree at the point of intersection. This determinesthe point P. To find the point 0, the entire party shifts positions,sothat the man with the rod is at the center point Q, Fig. 8. The otherman holds the subdivision 3 above F on the ground and moves toward andfrom the point Q until the man at the center point Q reads the samenumber on the tape between E and F and on the face having the foot and ahalf graduations and on the rod at the point of intersection. When thesame numbers appear at the intersection, the man at the left is holdingthe tape on the ground at the point 0. Both points 0 and P are thusestablished and located.

Fig. 9 illustrates how slope-stakes of a out are located on the groundfor a railway roadbed without the use of a level instrument. Assume thebase to be twenty-six feet and the slope one to one and the cut at thecenter stake five feet. The points 0 and P are to be found. As thedistance between E and F on the tape is equal to thirteen feet, which isone-half of the base, no shortening of the tape between E and F isrequired. One man holds the subdivision 5 above F of the tape on theside having foot graduations over the center stake, and another manholds the rod vertical in one hand across the tape, which is heldhorizontally in the other and moves the vertical rod toward and from thecenter stake until the numeral on the rod and the numeral'of the tape onthe face of foot graduations and between E and F are the same at theintersection. The base of the vertical rod shows the location of thepoint P. To find the point 0, the party moves. The man with IIO the rodcomes and holds the rod on the center stake. numeral 5 on the groundmoves toward and from the center stake until the man at the center readsthe same number on the tape, on the face of foot graduations and belowE, and on the rod at their intersection. Then the numeral 5, held on theground, indicates the location of the point 0 on the ground.

Fig. 10 shows how the rod with the tape on is used for cross-sectioningfor a cut. An instrument K is set. Then the rod is held at the centerstake, and the tape on it is moved up and down until the numeral belowEand corresponding to the center cut is in the line of sight. Then therod is held at the other points The other man holding the same 0 f g h ij and also at O" P, which were formed and staked as described in Fig. 9,and the distances from the center to those points are measured with therod by laying it on the ground.

Fig. 11 shows the use of the rod for a fill, and in this case thenumeral above E must be brought to the line of sight of the instrumentinstead of the numeral below E, the rest of the steps being the same asdescribed for Fig. 10.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is

1. The combination with a hollow telescopic surveyors rod formed of twosliding sections, of a small pulley at the top and bottom of onesection, a small pulley at the bottom of the other section, and a largepulley at the top of this second section, and an endless graduated tapepassed over said pulleys, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination with a surveyors rod, of a tape-measure, having twozeros separated a greater or less distance from each other, the spacebetween the zeros being divided into equal parts and the remainder ofthe tape divided, from each zero in opposite direction, also in equalparts, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination with a surveyors rod, of a tape-measure having twozeros a certain distance apart on two opposite faces of said tape, thepositions of the zeros being coincident on the two faces of the tape,the space between the zeros on one face being divided into equal partsand the rest of the tape being divided into like equal parts numbered inopposite direction from the two zeros and the space between the twozeros on the other face of the tape being divided into equal parts eachgreater than the parts on the first-mentioned face and also extendingfrom each zero in opposite directions, substantially as set forth.

a. The combination with a surveyors rod, of a tape-measure having twozeros separated a certain distance, the space between the zeros beingdivided into equal parts and two holes formed at each subdivision,substantially as set forth.

5. The combination with a surveyors rod,

